跟踪田径睡眠：精英田径运动员在备战和比赛期间的睡眠质量和睡眠行为,Journal of Sports Sciences

摘要

精英运动员很容易睡眠不足，这可能会在比赛期间达到顶峰，并因不良的睡眠行为而加剧。本研究旨在描述和比较精英田径运动员在备战和重大比赛期间的睡眠质量和睡眠行为。40 名国际田径精英运动员（50% 为女性，年龄 25.1 ± 3.9 岁）在三个不同的场合完成了运动员睡眠筛查问卷和运动员睡眠行为问卷：习惯性训练期间、赛前训练营期间和重大赛事期间国际竞争。总体而言，62.5% 的运动员报告说在比赛期间至少有轻微的睡眠困难。与习惯性训练相比，运动员在重大比赛和赛前训练营中报告的睡眠困难和睡眠行为较差（P = .001–.025）。训练营和主要比赛之间没有观察到显着差异。全球睡眠行为评分以每个时间点的独特特征为基础。睡眠行为（R 2 = .330，P = .017）、受伤状态（R 2 = .253，P = .003）和大满贯赛经历（R 2 = .113，P = .034）与睡眠困难相关比赛期间。睡眠质量和行为因田径赛季的阶段而异，为有针对性的干预提供了基础。

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Tracking sleep in the field: sleep quality and sleep behaviours of elite track and field athletes during preparation and competition

ABSTRACT

Elite athletes are susceptible to inadequate sleep, which may peak during competition and be exacerbated by poor sleep behaviours. This study sought to characterise and compare the sleep quality and sleep behaviours of elite track and field athletes during preparation and major competitions. Forty elite international track and field athletes (50% female, aged 25.1 ± 3.9 years) completed the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire and the Athlete Sleep Behaviour Questionnaire on three separate occasions: during habitual training, during a pre-meet training camp and during a major international competition. Overall, 62.5% of athletes reported at least mild sleep difficulty during competition. Athletes reported higher sleep difficulty and poorer sleep behaviour during major competitions and the pre-meet training camp compared to habitual training (P = .001–.025). No significant differences were observed between the training camp and major competition. Global sleep behaviour scores were underpinned by unique characteristics at each timepoint. Sleep behaviour (R2 = .330, P = .017), injury status (R2 = .253, P = .003) and major championship experience (R2 = .113, P = .034) were associated with sleep difficulty during competition. Sleep quality and behaviours vary according to stage of the track and field season, providing a foundation for targeted intervention.